1) WHAT ARE THE NEW NAMES GIVEN TO THE MAJOR ACT?
Recently, the Union Home Minister introduced three bills in the Lok Sabha that aim to repeal and replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC), the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and the Indian Evidence Act, which were enacted during the British rule in India. The bills are:
a). The Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita Bill, 2023, which will replace the IPC, 1860
b). The Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023, which will replace the CrPC, 1898
c). The Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023, which will replace the Evidence Act, 1872.
1. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) Bill, 2023, introduces significant reforms to replace the Indian Penal Code. The bill addresses terrorism, organized crime, gender neutrality, and repeals outdated laws like Section 377.
2. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha (Second) Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS2) seeks to replace the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC). The CrPC provides for the procedure for arrest,
prosecution, and bail. The BNSS2 mandates forensic investigation for offences punishable with seven years of imprisonment or more.
3. The Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023 (IAST: Bharatiya Saksya Adhiniyam ; lit. ‘Indian Testimony Act’) is an Act of the Parliament of India. An Act to consolidate and to provide for general rules and principles of evidence for fair trial.
2) ARE MARRIAGE BETWEEN COUSINS DECLARED AS VOID?
The Delhi High Court upheld the nullity of a marriage between cousins under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. This landmark judgment clarifies the legal position on such marriages and their validity under Indian law. The provisions of Section 5 of the Hindu Marriage Act state that parties to a marriage shall not be sapindas of each other, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits such a marriage. The court on the judgment declared that such a marriage is void or null.
Meaning of Sapinda:
Sapinda relationships are defined as those extending up to the third generation through the mother and the fifth generation through the father, counted from the person concerned.
CASE LAW HELD ON OCTOBER 9, 2023
The case in question, MAT.APP.(F.C.) 35/2023, involved a Grover couple, who were cousins and had married in December 1998. Their union resulted in the birth of a daughter in August 1999. However, Husband filed a petition seeking the nullity of the marriage, citing that it fell within the degree of prohibited relationships as defined in Clause (v) of Section 5 of the Hindu Marriage Act. The trial court, in its judgment, declared the marriage to be null and void.
TO KNOW:
TYPES OF HIGHWAY AND THE COLOUR OF MILESTONES:
Type of Highway – Milestone Colour Code
1. National Highway – Yellow & White Strips
2. State Highway – Green & White Strips
3. City or Main District Roads – Blue or Black & White strips
4. Village Roads – Orange & White strips